2024-2025 - International Economics (16762) - Topics, subtopics and items

Last update: Friday, 08 November 2024, 17:12:16

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International trade [↑] [↓] [top]

• Introduction to international trade [↑] [↓] [top]
• Introduction to international trade [↑] [↓] [top]
• Gravitiy model [↓] [top]
• Logarithmic function [↓] [top]
• Log-differencing [↓] [top]
• Interpreting regression coefficients [↓] [top]
• Border effect [↓] [top]

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• Labour productivity and comparative advantage: the Ricardian model [↑] [↓] [top]
• Labour productivity and comparative advantage: the Ricardian model [↑] [↓] [top]
• Comparative advantage [↓] [top]
• PPF [↓] [top]
• Competitive salary [↓] [top]
• Utility functions, marginal utility and indifference curves [↓] [top]
• Benefits from trade - numerical examples [↓] [top]
• Gains from trade: PPF, budget constraint and exchange [↓] [top]
• Ricardian model - PPF and ConsPF (= budget constraint) [↓] [top]
• Ricardian model with diagram [↓] [top]
• Krugman and Obstfeld, International economics, chapter 2, question 1 [↓] [top]
• Krugman and Obstfeld, International economics, chapter 2, question 2 [↓] [top]
• Krugman and Obstfeld, International economics, chapter 2, question 3 [↓] [top]
• Krugman and Obstfeld, International economics, chapter 2, question 4 [↓] [top]
• Krugman and Obstfeld, International economics, chapter 2, question 5 [↓] [top]

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• Resources, comparative advantage and income distribution [↑] [↓] [top]
• Resources, comparative advantage and income distribution [↑] [↓] [top]
• --- [↓] [top]

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• Trade, growth and international transfers [↑] [↓] [top]
• Trade, growth and international transfers [↑] [↓] [top]
• --- [↓] [top]

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• Economies of scale, imperfect competition and international trade [↑] [↓] [top]
• Economies of scale, imperfect competition and international trade [↑] [↓] [top]
• Economies of scale - introduction [↓] [top]
• Monopoly [↓] [top]
• Monopolistic competition [↓] [top]
• Economies of scale - model [↓] [top]
• Graph - AC, P vs. N [↓] [top]
• Internal economies of scale - benefits of trade [↓] [top]
• Economies of scale - numerical example [↓] [top]
• Dumping [↓] [top]
• External economies of scale [↓] [top]
• Krugman and Obstfeld, International economics, chapter 6, questions 4 [↓] [top]

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• International factor movements [↑] [↓] [top]
• International factor movements [↑] [↓] [top]
• Migration [↓] [top]
• International borrowing and lending [↓] [top]

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• The instruments of trade policy [↑] [↓] [top]
• The instruments of trade policy [↑] [↓] [top]
• --- [↓] [top]

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International macroeconomics [↑] [↓] [top]

• International macroeconomics - introduction [↑] [↓] [top]
• Exchange rates - introduction [↑] [↓] [top]
• Nominal exchange rate [↓] [top]
• Real exchange rate [↓] [top]
• Purchasing powers of currencies (PP) [↓] [top]
• Purchasing power parity (PPP) [↓] [top]

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• Wealth [↑] [↓] [top]
• Preliminary concepts [↑] [↓] [top]
• Stocks and flows [↓] [top]
• Sum of geometric series - $\sum_{i=0}^\m a^i = \frac{1-a^{m+1}}{1-a}$ [↓] [top]
• Sum of geometric series - $\sum_{i=0}^\infty a^i = \frac{1}{1-a}$ [↓] [top]
• Average return [↓] [top]
• Log-differencing [↓] [top]
• Log-differentiation [↓] [top]
• $ln(1+a) \approx a$ [↓] [top]
• $e^a \approx 1+a$ [↓] [top]
• Nominal versus real return: $1+r = \frac{1+R}{1+\pi}$ [↓] [top]
• $\frac{1+x}{1+y} \approx 1+x-y$ [↓] [top]
• Real and financial assets [↑] [↓] [top]
• Real and financial assets [↓] [top]
• Balance sheets of different agents (see "International macroeconomics - collection of balance sheets and economic formulas") [↓] [top]
• Commercial bank balance sheets [↓] [top]
• Comm. bank - balance sheet transactions [↓] [top]
• Central bank balance sheet [↓] [top]
• Consolidated balance sheets of H and F (see "International macroeconomics - collection of balance sheets and economic formulas") [↓] [top]
• Budget deficit and public debt [↓] [top]
• D <= 60\%, BD <= 3\% [↓] [top]
• Money creation [↓] [top]
• Monetary and exchange rate policy [↓] [top]
• Domestic and foreign assets [↑] [↓] [top]
• Wealth, real wealth and NFA - $w^\Ho = K^\Ho + z^{\Ho\Fo}$ [↓] [top]
• Saving, real investment and change in net foreign assets - $s^\To = I + \Delta z^{\Ho\Fo}$ [↓] [top]
• Asset returns and asset prices [↑] [↓] [top]
• Return versus risk (asset price adjustments) [↓] [top]
• House prices - renting or buying [↓] [top]
• Return on shares [↓] [top]
• Share price as PDV of dividends, $\frac{1+R}{R-g}$ [↓] [top]
• P/E ratio for shares [↓] [top]
• Bond price determination [↓] [top]
• 1900-2011: bonds - 1.6\%, shares - 5.5\% [↓] [top]
• Cumulative return, rule of 72 [↓] [top]
• Wealth across countries [↑] [↓] [top]

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• Balance of payments accounting [↑] [↓] [top]
• Preliminary concepts [↑] [↓] [top]
• Balance of payments statistics [↑] [↓] [top]
• BOP: CA + KA + EO = FA (identity used until January 2022: CA + KA + FA + EO = 0) [↓] [top]
• BoP structure [↓] [top]
• BoP transactions [↓] [top]
• BoP transaction - purchase of a house [↓] [top]
• Tutorial - balance of payments - past exam questions [↓] [top]
• The international investment position [↑] [↓] [top]
• Net international investment position (NIIP), net foreign assets (NFA), net external wealth (NEW) [↓] [top]
• Empirical evidence [↑] [↓] [top]
• Current account data [↓] [top]
• Empirical data - CA, w, K, z^{HF} [↓] [top]
• Individual countries - balance of payments - empirical evidence [↓] [top]
• National income accounting and the balance of payments [↑] [↓] [top]
• $Y^E$ = GNE, $Y^P$ = GDP, GNI, $Y$ = GNDI [↓] [top]
• C, I, G, TB, NFIA, NUT, CA [↓] [top]
• $\CA = s^\To - I$ [↓] [top]
• CA in Japan [↓] [top]

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• The balance of payments in economics [↑] [↓] [top]
• Preliminary concepts [↑] [↓] [top]
• Definitions, identities, stock-flow equations and theoretical hypotheses [↓] [top]
• Structural and reduced forms [↓] [top]
• Comparative statics [↓] [top]
• Present discounted value (PDV) [↓] [top]
• Lagrange multiplier method [↓] [top]
• Lagrange method - mathematical formulation [↓] [top]
• Value function [↓] [top]
• Interpretation of the Lagrange multiplier [↓] [top]
• Differentiation rules [↓] [top]
• The four main categories of the balance of payments [↑] [↓] [top]
• $z = e + b + m + b_{CB}$ [↓] [top]
• $\FA = \Delta z^{HF}$ (identity used until January 2022: $\FA = - \Delta z^{HF}$) [↓] [top]
• $\CA = \FA = \Delta (e + b + m + b_{CB})$ (identity used until January 2022: $\CA = - \FA = \Delta (e + b + m + b_{CB})$, note the minus sign) [↓] [top]
• A model of the current account [↑] [↓] [top]
• Intertemporal approach to the current account (simple model) [↓] [top]
• Intertemporal budget constraint [↓] [top]
• Intertemporal approach - substitution method [↓] [top]
• Intertemporal approach - Lagrange method [↓] [top]
• Consumption smoothing [↓] [top]
• Volatilities of consumption, investment and government spending at different horizons [↓] [top]
• Procyclicity of investment, countercyclicity of the budget deficit [↓] [top]
• Intertemporal approach - consumption smoothing and CA [↓] [top]
• Gains from globalization [↓] [top]
• int_macro_ps - question 2 a - Intertemporal approach with Lagrange multipliers [↓] [top]
• int_macro_ps - question 2 d - Intertemporal approach with $\beta$ and $R$ [↓] [top]
• int_macro_ps - question 2 c - Intertemporal approach with investment [↓] [top]
• int_macro_ps - question 2 b - Accounting for current account changes - variable expenditure approach [↓] [top]
• --- Current account determination: 2016-2017-1 [↓] [top]
• --- Current account determination: 2016-2017-2 [↓] [top]
• Mundell-Fleming model - $\CA(Y^\Ho, Y^\Fo, q) [↓] [top]
• Mundell-Fleming model - $\CA^\Ho = Y^\Ho - C^\Ho = (1-\alpha^\Ho) C^\Ho + \alpha^\Fo C^\Fo - C^\Ho = \alpha^\Fo C^\Fo - \alpha^\Ho C^\Ho$ [↓] [top]
• A model of international investment [↑] [↓] [top]
• Assets - risk and return [↓] [top]
• Triangle of stock market returns [↓] [top]
• Return on equity and debt [↓] [top]
• International investment [↓] [top]
• Long and short positions [↓] [top]
• Risk diversification [↓] [top]
• Equity versus debt finance [↓] [top]
• s^T = I + \Delta z^{HF} - risks of capital inflows and capital outflows [↓] [top]
• Leverage [↓] [top]
• Leverage - mortgage example [↓] [top]
• Leverage coefficient [↓] [top]
• int_macro_ps - question 3 - International investment - modern portfolio theory [↓] [top]

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• The nominal exchange rate [↑] [↓] [top]
• Preliminary concepts [↑] [↓] [top]
• Logarithmic function [↓] [top]
• Nominal exchange rate [↓] [top]
• Nominal exchange rate country risk premium, currency risk premium [↓] [top]
• Real exchange rate [↓] [top]
• Logarithm to base b [↓] [top]
• Purchasing power parity [↓] [top]
• Uncovered interest parity (UIP) and covered interest parity (CIP) [↓] [top]
• Covered interest parity (CIP) [↓] [top]
• Carry trades [↓] [top]
• Fisher effect [↓] [top]
• Real interest rate - $r_t = R_t - \pi_{t+1}$ [↓] [top]
• Model based on currencies' purchasing powers [↑] [↓] [top]
• Nominal exchange rate determination - introduction [↓] [top]
• Nominal exchange rate - model based on currencies' purchasing powers ("basic NER model") [↓] [top]
• Nominal exchange rate - model based on currencies' purchasing powers ("basic NER model") - derivation based on consumer's utility maximization [↓] [top]
• Nominal exchange rate - model based on currencies' marginal utilities - derivation based on consumer's utility maximization [↓] [top]
• The monetary model with flexible prices [↑] [↓] [top]
• Money creation - open market operations, money supply, bond demand, bond price, bond return, interest rate [↓] [top]
• Monetary model with flexible prices [↓] [top]
• Money supply and money demand [↓] [top]
• Quantity theory of money [↓] [top]
• Velocity of money [↓] [top]
• Monetary model - one period [↓] [top]
• Monetary model - two or more periods [↓] [top]
• Exchange rate as an asset price (monetary model, UIP, infinite horizon expectations)) [↓] [top]
• Monetary and exchange rate policy [↓] [top]
• Maastricht criteria [↓] [top]
• Money multiplier [↓] [top]
• Model based on currency flows [↑] [↓] [top]
• Currency flow model [↓] [top]
• Currency flow model - net money inflow under flexible and fixed exchange rates, managed float [↓] [top]
• Currency flow model - case 1 [↓] [top]
• Currency flow model - case 2 [↓] [top]
• Currency flow model - case 3 [↓] [top]
• Currency flow model - case 4 [↓] [top]
• Currency flow model - case 5 [↓] [top]
• Currency flow model - case 6 [↓] [top]
• Currency flow model - case 7 [↓] [top]
• Currency flow model - case 8 [↓] [top]
• Currency flow model - case 9 [↓] [top]
• Currency flow model - case 10 [↓] [top]
• A unified currency flow model [↑] [↓] [top]
• NER determination (traditional and currency flow approaches) [↓] [top]
• Monetary model and currency flow model combined [↓] [top]
• Contribution of price level difference and currency market pressure to nominal exchange rate changes at different horizons [↓] [top]
• --- Exchange rate models: 2013-2014-4 [↓] [top]

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• The real exchange rate [↑] [↓] [top]
• Preliminary concepts [↑] [↓] [top]
• The Big Mac index [↑] [↓] [top]
• Real exchange rate [↓] [top]
• PPP [↓] [top]
• int_macro_ps - question 4 - Big Mac index [↓] [top]
• Purchasing power parity [↑] [↓] [top]
• The law of one price and purchasing power parity [↓] [top]
• Empirical evidence on purchasing power parity (PPP puzzle) [↓] [top]
• Nominal GDP versus GDP in international dollars (= PPP-adjusted GDP) [↓] [top]
• Balassa-Samuelson effect [↓] [top]
• Balassa-Samuelson effect - the role of traded and non-traded good prices (Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis) [↓] [top]
• Balassa-Samuelson effect - the role of currency market pressure [↓] [top]
• The purchasing power parity fallacy [↑] [↓] [top]
• PPP fallacy [↓] [top]
• PPP fallacy - good market arbitrage does not contribute to real exchange rate convergence [↓] [top]
• PPP fallacy - price level convergence and nominal exchange rate divergence [↓] [top]
• The real exchange rate in rich and poor countries [↑] [↓] [top]

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• Exchange rate regimes [↑] [↓] [top]
• Classification of exchange rate regimes [↑] [↓] [top]
• Exchange rate regimes [↓] [top]
• Justification of exchange rate pegs [↑] [↓] [top]
• History of exchange rate regimes [↑] [↓] [top]
• The yen, the US dollar and the euro [↑] [↓] [top]

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• Balance of payments crises [↑] [↓] [top]
• Preliminary concepts [↑] [↓] [top]
• Classification of financial crises [↓] [top]
• Financial crises - definition and examples [↓] [top]
• International debt crises [↑] [↓] [top]
• Debt crises, outside rescue, austerity, Keynesian multiplier [↓] [top]
• International debt crises [↓] [top]
• Currency crises [↑] [↓] [top]
• Currency crises [↓] [top]
• Currency crises - causes [↓] [top]
• Currency crises - empirical evidence [↓] [top]
• The global financial crisis of 2008 [↑] [↓] [top]
• Leverage in the global financial crisis [↓] [top]
• Deleveraging [↓] [top]

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• The International Monetary Fund [↑] [↓] [top]
• The task of the IMF [↑] [↓] [top]
• The organization of the IMF [↑] [↓] [top]
• IMF assistance during debt crises [↑] [↓] [top]
• IMF assistance during currency crises [↑] [↓] [top]
• Criticisms of the IMF [↑] [↓] [top]

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• Globalization [↑] [↓] [top]
• Preliminary concepts [↑] [↓] [top]
• The arguments in favour of globalization [↑] [↓] [top]
• The arguments against of globalization [↑] [↓] [top]
• Improving global integration [↑] [↓] [top]
• Growth and inequality [↑] [↓] [top]

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• Omitted topics [↑] [↓] [top]
• Preliminary concepts [↑] [↓] [top]
• Matrix inversion [↓] [top]
• The monetary model with fixed prices (exchange rate overshooting) [↑] [↓] [top]
• Monetary model with fixed prices [↓] [top]
• The portfolio balance model [↑] [↓] [top]
• Portfolio balance model [↓] [top]
• The Mundell-Fleming model [↑] [↓] [top]
• Mundell-Fleming model [↓] [top]

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